search
The #1 Medical Tourism Platform since 2014

Best Doctors in Turkey — Get an Online Consultation

author
Content meets the Bookimed Editorial Policy and is medically reviewed by
Fahad Mawlood - General practitioner. Winner of 4 scientific awards. Served in Western Asia. Former Team Leader of a medical team supporting Arabic-speaking patients. Now responsible for data processing and medical content accuracy.
Ali Cem Oktay
15 years of experience
5.0
3 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Private Çevre Hospital

Ali Cem Oktay

15 years of experience
Dr. Ali Cem Oktay is a skilled plastic surgeon with over a decade of experience, specializing in a wide array of procedures such as breast lift, rhinoplasty (nose job), breast reduction, and Brazilian Butt Lift (BBL) surgery, among others. He is an active member of the Turkish Medical Association and the Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association. Dr. Oktay is also known for his contributions to plastic surgery research.Read more
Thigh lift
Nipple reduction
Otoplasty (ear surgery)
Breast augmentation

Sensitive content

Show

Facelift surgery
See portfolio
Before and After Pictures
Thigh lift
Nipple reduction
Otoplasty (ear surgery)
Breast augmentation
Facelift surgery
Liposculpture
Brazilian Butt Lift
Vaser liposuction
Neck lift
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Tummy tuck
Breast lift
Breast lift
Breast augmentation
Brow lift
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Gynecomastia surgery
Brow lift
DHI hair transplantation
Breast reduction
Mommy makeover
Facelift surgery
Breast reduction
Liposculpture
Lip lift
Thigh lift
Butt implants
Butt implants
Thighs liposuction
Revision rhinoplasty
Revision rhinoplasty
Tummy tuck
Liposuction
Mommy makeover
Arm lift (brachioplasty)
Breast Implant Revision
Breast augmentation
Facelift surgery
Brow lift
Liposuction
Breast lift
Liposuction
Otoplasty (ear surgery)
Vaser liposuction
Brazilian Butt Lift
Arm lift (brachioplasty)
Brazilian Butt Lift
Liposuction
Facelift surgery
Tummy tuck
Thighs liposuction
Thigh lift
Lip lift
Neck lift
Upper arm liposuction
Brow lift
Tummy tuck
Upper arm liposuction
Gastric bypass
Revision rhinoplasty
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Breast Implants with Breast Lift
Abdominal liposuction
Otoplasty (ear surgery)
Gastric bypass
Breast augmentation
Thighs liposuction
Upper arm liposuction
Brow lift
Liposuction
Tummy tuck
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Brow lift
Breast augmentation
Breast augmentation
Breast Implants with Breast Lift
Breast Implant Revision
Vaser liposuction
Neck lift
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Breast Implants with Breast Lift
Upper arm liposuction
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Tummy tuck
Butt implants
Laser liposuction
Breast lift
Thighs liposuction
Forehead lift
Neck lift
Breast Implant Revision
Gynecomastia surgery
Thigh lift
Revision rhinoplasty
Breast Implants with Breast Lift
Breast Implants with Breast Lift
Thighs liposuction
Upper arm liposuction
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Gynecomastia surgery
Neck lift
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Tummy tuck
Breast reduction
Breast Implant Revision
Brow lift
Upper arm liposuction
Breast Implants with Breast Lift
Nipple reduction
Vaser liposuction
Vaser liposuction
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Upper arm liposuction
Breast Implant Revision
Brow lift
Neck liposuction
Upper arm liposuction
Thighs liposuction
Abdominal liposuction
Breast Implants with Breast Lift
Breast reduction
Brazilian Butt Lift
Breast Implant Revision
Breast augmentation
Revision rhinoplasty
Facelift surgery
Breast Implants with Breast Lift
Liposculpture
Liposuction
Brazilian Butt Lift
Brow lift
Thighs liposuction
Breast Implant Revision
Liposuction
Neck lift
Neck lift
Thighs liposuction
Thigh lift
Breast Implant Revision
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Neck lift
Brow lift
Forehead lift
Breast augmentation
Neck liposuction
Thigh lift
Tummy tuck
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Breast reduction
See portfolio
5.0
3 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Breast lift $3690.24
Facelift surgery $5643.89
More treatments
Ramazan Arslan
9 years of experience
4.5
42 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Quartz Clinique

Ramazan Arslan

9 years of experience

Ramazan Arslan was born in Istanbul. Speaking English, Mr. Arslan

graduated from Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine in 2015. He

worked as a research assistant in the Plastic Reconstructive and

Aesthetic Surgery Clinic at Ankara Training and Research Centre

between 2017-2022 and worked as an operator doctor in the same

branch at Aksaray University Aksaray Training and Research Hospital

between 2022-2024.

Education:

Professional Experience:

Scientific Int erests

2009-2015: Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine

2017-2022: Ankara Training and Research Centre, Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic

Surgery Clinic (Research Assistant)

2022-2024: Aksaray University, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Plastic

Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic (Operator doctor)

2015-2017: İstanbul G.O.P-Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Acil Servis

2017-2022: Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Merkezi, Plastik Rekonstruktif ve Estetik Cerrahi Kliniği

- Face Aesthetics

- Breast and Body Contouring

- Microsurgery

Read more
Mini Facelift
Mini Facelift
Chin implant
Chin implant
Before and After Pictures
Mini Facelift
Mini Facelift
Chin implant
Chin implant
4.5
42 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Liposuction $2800 - $4000
Rhinoplasty (nose job) $3500 - $5000
Facelift surgery $4900 - $7000
More treatments
Mehmet Ozdem
13 years of experience
4.1
58 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Kucukcekmece Hospital

Mehmet Ozdem

13 years of experience
Vaginoplasty

Sensitive content

Show

Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Vaginoplasty

Sensitive content

Show

Vaginoplasty

Sensitive content

Show

Vaginoplasty

Sensitive content

Show

4.1
58 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Tummy tuck $4728 - $5100
Breast lift $5649
Facelift surgery $4500
More treatments
Yesim Yildirim
20 years of experience
4.6
462 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Anadolu Medical Center

Yesim Yildirim

20 years of experience

accreditations:

European Society of Medical Oncology
European School of Oncology

Doctor Yesim Yildirim is an oncologist certified by the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO). Affiliated with numerous hospitals in the United States and Turkey, including the University of Maryland Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Memorial Sisli Hospital. She has over 20 years of experience and has a special interest in preventive medicine, diabetes, and hypertension. Holds an MBA in Healthcare Management and shares her expertise with Bookimed from 2022.

The Medical Advisory Board expert is a verified credible medical professional with solid theoretical background and practical experience in the field. The expert provides support related to medical content accuracy for medical writers and performs educational workshops to Bookimed coordinators serving patient requests.

The medical content creation under the expert’s control follows rigorous and well-established procedure to be informative, trustworthy, and transparent and making Bookimed.com a credible source of evidence-based health information.

Read more
4.6
462 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Chemotherapy $1800 - $7000
Liver transplant $80000 - $85000
Heart Valve Replacement $28000
More treatments
Esra Cabuk Comert
17 years of experience
4.9
6 reviews
Turkey, Ankara
Dr. Esra Cabuk Comert's Clinic

Esra Cabuk Comert

17 years of experience
Dr. Esra Cabuk Comert is an Obstetrician, Gynecologist, and Cosmetic Gynecologist based in Ankara, Turkey, specializing in IVF, Vaginal Aesthetics, Laparoscopic Surgeries, and Cosmetic Gynecology Training. She has successfully handled over 20,000 cases in these fields.Read more
Clitoroplasty

Sensitive content

Show

Vaginal laser whitening

Sensitive content

Show

Labiaplasty

Sensitive content

Show

Labiaplasty

Sensitive content

Show

Labiaplasty
See portfolio
Before and After Pictures
Clitoroplasty
Vaginal laser whitening
Labiaplasty
Labiaplasty
Labiaplasty
Hymenoplasty (hymen restoration)
Vaginoplasty
Vaginoplasty
Vaginal laser whitening
See portfolio
Baris Nuhoglu
27 years of experience
5.0
6 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
AquaHealth Clinic

Baris Nuhoglu

27 years of experience

Dr. Baris Nuhoglu is a renowned specialist in Urooncology, Endourology, and Pediatric Urology. His career includes roles such as Head of Urology at various institutions, numerous professional memberships, and an extensive list of publications. He is trained in various operations, including High intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU), Nephrectomy, and Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy among others.

Read more
Male to female (MTF) surgery
Penis enlargement

Sensitive content

Show

Penis filler

Sensitive content

Show

Phalloplasty

Sensitive content

Show

Phalloplasty
See portfolio
Before and After Pictures
Male to female (MTF) surgery
Penis enlargement
Penis filler
Phalloplasty
Phalloplasty
Penis enlargement
Sex reassignment surgery
Penile implant surgery
See portfolio
Aylin Turan
24 years of experience
4.8
323 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Istanbul Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Center

Aylin Turan

24 years of experience

Dr. Aylin Turan is a highly experienced Dentist Aesthetician with expertise in Bleaching Cosmetics, Implants, Porcelain Fillings, Laminate Veneers, Composites, and Metal Supported Porcelain. She is a member of the Academy of Esthetic Dentistry Association, has completed various courses related to cosmetic dentistry, and graduated from Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry.

Read more
Veneers
Veneers
Hollywood Smile
Hollywood Smile
Dental Crown Installation
See portfolio
Before and After Pictures
Veneers
Veneers
Hollywood Smile
Hollywood Smile
Dental Crown Installation
Dental Crown Installation
Porcelain Veneer
Veneers
Veneers
Dental Crown Installation
Veneers
Veneers
Veneers
Hollywood Smile
Zirconia crown installation
Hollywood Smile
Veneers
Porcelain Veneer
Dental Crown Installation
Hollywood Smile
Hollywood Smile
Veneers
Veneers
Veneers
Dental Crown Installation
Veneers
Veneers
Hollywood Smile
Hollywood Smile
Hollywood Smile
Porcelain Veneer
Porcelain Veneer
Hollywood Smile
Hollywood Smile
Veneers
Dental Crown Installation
Hollywood Smile
Veneers
Hollywood Smile
Veneers
Hollywood Smile
See portfolio
4.8
323 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Tummy tuck $4341.46
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction) $1736.58 - $1790.85
Otoplasty (ear surgery) $2659.14
More treatments
Ilker Manavbaşı
23 years of experience
4.6
14 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Dr. Ilker Manavbasi's Clinic

Ilker Manavbaşı

23 years of experience

accreditations:

Rhinoplasty Society

Dr. İlker Manavbaşı is a Turkish specialist in functional nasal surgery, facial rejuvenation surgery, mega liposuction and breast surgery. He graduated from Ankara University in 1999 and Hacettepe University in 2005. Dr. İlker is a member of the Istanbul Medical Chamber, Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association, and Rhinoplasty Society. He has developed two techniques to obtain the ideal nose with a single operation and presented them at the Symposium on Plastic Surgery in Italy in 2008.

Read more
Brow lift
Breast lift

Sensitive content

Show

DHI hair transplantation
Breast Implants with Breast Lift

Sensitive content

Show

Brazilian Butt Lift
See portfolio
Before and After Pictures
Brow lift
Breast lift
DHI hair transplantation
Breast Implants with Breast Lift
Brazilian Butt Lift
Brazilian Butt Lift
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Closed rhinoplasty
Liposuction
Brazilian Butt Lift
Breast lift
FUE hair transplant
Afro hair transplant
Tummy Tuck and Liposuction
Brazilian Butt Lift
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Brazilian Butt Lift
Brazilian Butt Lift
Liposuction
Brazilian Butt Lift
Arm lift (brachioplasty)
Liposuction
Vaser liposuction
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Liposuction 3 body areas
Brazilian Butt Lift
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Closed rhinoplasty
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Brazilian Butt Lift
Liposuction
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Liposuction
See portfolio
4.6
14 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Facelift surgery $8141
Breast lift $3473.16
Rhinoplasty (nose job) $3500
More treatments
Mustafa Solak
18 years of experience
4.5
119 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Mustafa Solak

18 years of experience

Mustafa Solak, M.D. is a medical doctor who graduated from Hacettepe University School of Medicine and has completed residencies at Istanbul Sisli Etfal Teaching and Research Hospital and a fellowship at Hacettepe University Cancer Institute. He specializes in Breast Cancer, Testicular Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Lung Cancer, Head-Neck Cancer, and Gastrointestinal Cancers. He has also worked at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Hitit University Corum Training Hospital, and Medical Park Hospital.

Read more
4.5
119 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Chemotherapy $1500 - $2500
Thyroid resection $5000 - $7500
Heart Valve Replacement $12000
More treatments
Salim Yuce
27 years of experience
4.6
26 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital

Salim Yuce

27 years of experience
Prof. Dr. Salim Yuce is a specialized ENT Surgeon with over 15 years of experience. He is proficient in treating a wide array of ENT conditions and is experienced in performing various surgeries. He has served in reputable institutions and holds memberships in several professional organizations.Read more
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Revision rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Revision rhinoplasty
See portfolio
Before and After Pictures
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Revision rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
Revision rhinoplasty
Revision rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty (nose job)
See portfolio
Hakan Ikizoglu
10 years of experience
5.0
120 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Dr. MED Clinic

Hakan Ikizoglu

10 years of experience
Dr. Hakan Ikizoglu is a Plastic Surgeon and Trichologist with over 24 years of experience, specializing in hair and beard transplantation techniques including FUE Hair Transplant, FUT Hair Transplant, Safir FUE, DHI, and Hybrid techniques. He also brings significant experience in pharmaceutical and hospital management.Read more
DHI hair transplantation
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
See portfolio
Before and After Pictures
DHI hair transplantation
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
Hair transplant
See portfolio
5.0
120 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Tummy tuck $3462.31 - $4330.6
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction) $2943 - $2948
Otoplasty (ear surgery) $1942.8 - $2485.48
More treatments
Olcay Guler
18 years of experience
4.6
268 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Memorial Şişli Hospital

Olcay Guler

18 years of experience

2020 - Halen, İstanbul/Türkiye

MEMORIAL ŞİŞLİ HASTANESİ

Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Uzmanı

2017 - 2020, İstanbul/Türkiye

ALTINBAŞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ BAHÇELİEVLER MEDİCALPARK HASTANESİ

Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Uzmanı

2013 - 2017, İstanbul/Türkiye

MEDİPOL ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ

Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Uzmanı

2007 - 2009, Şanlıurfa/Türkiye

NİSA HASTANESİ

Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Uzmanı

2007 - 2009, Şanlıurfa/Türkiye

CEYLANPINAR DEVLET HASTANESİ

Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Uzmanı

2006 - 2007, İstanbul/Türkiye

GÜMÜŞSUYU ASKER HASTANESİ

Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Uzmanı

Read more
Semra Kahraman
32 years of experience
4.6
268 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Memorial Şişli Hospital

Semra Kahraman

32 years of experience

accreditations:

The Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis International Society
The American Society of Reproductive Medicine

Dr. Semra Kahraman is an experienced specialist in IVF, andrology, genetics, infertility treatment and preimplantation genetic diagnosis based in Istanbul, Turkey. With extensive work experience and extensive scientific contributions, she is a respected professional in the field, having been awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Turkish Society of Reproductive Medicine and a Star Award from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

Read more
Serkan Keskin
23 years of experience
4.6
268 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Memorial Şişli Hospital

Serkan Keskin

23 years of experience
Dr. Serkan Keskin is a highly experienced oncologist specializing in chemotherapy. He has numerous achievements in his field, including being ranked first in the Medical Oncology Proficiency Exam in Turkey in 2012. He is an active member of various prestigious oncology societies, and has a strong academic profile with 42 articles published in international journals.Read more
Goksel Kalyaz
4 years of experience
4.8
13 reviews
Turkey, Antalya
Soraca Med

Goksel Kalyaz

4 years of experience
Dr. Goksel Kalyaz is a highly accredited dentist associated with numerous professional organizations in Turkey.Read more
Hollywood Smile
Porcelain Veneer
Hollywood Smile
Veneers
Hollywood Smile
See portfolio
Before and After Pictures
Hollywood Smile
Porcelain Veneer
Hollywood Smile
Veneers
Hollywood Smile
Zirconia veneers
Sclerotherapy of varicose veins
Hollywood Smile
Dental Crown Installation
Veneers
Zirconia veneers
Hollywood Smile
Hollywood Smile
See portfolio
4.8
13 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Facelift surgery $4341.46 - $4884.14
Tummy tuck $3798.77 - $4884.14
Liposuction $3256.09 - $4341.46
More treatments
Tarik Akar
20 years of experience
4.5
119 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Tarik Akar

20 years of experience

Dr. Tarık Akar graduated from Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University in 2000 and was granted the title of “Internist” in 2004. He has published 19 international papers, 6 local papers, and 25 local and international congress presentations. His fields of medical interest include Achalasia, ESD, ERCP, Zenker’s Diverticulum, and Gastroparesis.

Read more
4.5
119 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Chemotherapy $1500 - $2500
Thyroid resection $5000 - $7500
Heart Valve Replacement $12000
More treatments
Meryem Eken
17 years of experience
4.5
119 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Meryem Eken

17 years of experience

Assoc. Prof. Meryem Eken has received her specialty at Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Dr. Meryem Eken has also received Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization Training at Zeynep Kamil Women's and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital, and  has had over 10,000 in vitro fertilization, over 10,000 Abdominal Laparoscopic Egg Collection, over 5,000 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, over 5,000 Hysteroscopy in her career. She has performed many successful operations such as Ovarian Cysts (over 1.000), Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (over 1.000), and over 1,000 Laparoscopic Myomectomies.

FIELDS OF MEDICAL INTEREST

  • Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization
  • Infertility Surgery
  • Gynecological Diseases
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  • Menstrual Disorders
  • Premature birth
  • Uterine Polyp
  • Painful Menstrual Cycles
  • Urogynecology
  • Painful Intercourse
  • Cystocele
  • Inability to Get Pregnant
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Early Menopause
  • Genetic Diseases in Babies Born with IVF
  • Tissue Compatible Sibling
  • Treatment of Recurrent Miscarriage
  • Lipid Therapy in Recurrent Miscarriages
  • Asherman’s Syndrome
  • Laparoscopic Surgery
  • Hysteroscopy
  • Miscarriage
  • Genital Wart
  • Hysterectomy
  • Caesarean Section
  • Pediatric Gynecologic Diseases
  • Gynecology
  • Endometriosis
  • Ovarian Cyst
  • Uterine Septum
  • Uterine Tumors
  • Treatment of Menopause
  • Risky Pregnancy
  • Birth Control
  • Polyps
  • Infertility
  • Pregnancy
  • Cervical Cancer
  • Hormonal Disorders
  • Delivery
  • Inability to become pregnant
  • Chocolate Cyst
  • Pregnancy
Read more
4.5
119 reviews
Doctor's visit price on request
Chemotherapy $1500 - $2500
Thyroid resection $5000 - $7500
Heart Valve Replacement $12000
More treatments
Baris Metin
24 years of experience
4.2
46 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
NP Istanbul Brain Hospital

Baris Metin

24 years of experience

Dr. Baris Metin is an experienced Neurologist with over 7 years of experience in Turkey and Belgium. He specializes in Memory Disorders, Functional Neuroimaging, Epilepsy, Electroencephalography, Headaches and Sleep Disorders, and has numerous research papers in national and international scientific journals.

Read more
Ilknur Erenler Bayraktar
17 years of experience
4.6
268 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Memorial Şişli Hospital

Ilknur Erenler Bayraktar

17 years of experience
Prof. Dr. Ilknur Erenler Bayraktar is a General Surgeon specializing in colorectal surgery, advanced laparoscopic and robotic surgery, and gastrointestinal oncology. She completed her medical degree and specialty in General Surgery at Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine. Prof. Dr. Bayraktar has worked internationally at the Cleveland Clinic Digestive Disease Institute in the USA and the Klinikum rechts der Isar General Surgery Clinic in Germany. In 2021, she earned a coloproctology specialist certificate from the European Board of Coloproctology (EBSQ-C).Read more
Semih Urvasizoglu
12 years of experience
4.9
22 reviews
Turkey, Istanbul
Valued Med Hub Hospitals

Semih Urvasizoglu

12 years of experience
Dr. Semih Urvasizoglu is a renowned ophthalmologist with over two decades of experience, having served in various hospitals and completed more than 35,000 surgical cases. He specializes in a wide range of eye diseases and procedures such as ReLEx SMILE eye surgery, Cataract Surgery with Multifocal Lens Implant, LASEK eye surgery, and Vitrectomy among others. He has made significant contributions to ophthalmology through his research, teachings, and publications in respected medical journals. He was awarded 'Best Doctor in Eye Health and Diseases' in 2018 for the second consecutive year by the Turkish Ministry of Health.Read more
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Before and After Pictures
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)